Code size analysis#

pw_async2: Cooperative async tasks for embedded

Core async2 implementation#

The following table shows the code size cost of adding pw_async2 to a system. These size reports assume a baseline system with an RTOS which already uses a handful of core Pigweed components including HAL abstractions and pw_allocator.

The first row captures the core of pw_async2: the dispatcher, tasks, and wakers, using the pw::async2::BasicDispatcher. This is the minimum size cost a system must pay to adopt pw_async2. The following row demonstrates the cost of adding another task to this system. Of course, the majority of the cost of the task exists within its implementation — this simply shows that there is minimal internal overhead.

Label

Segment

Delta

Full cost of including pw_async2

FLASH

	+648	[section .rodata]
	+16	pw::containers::internal::GenericIntrusiveList<>::clear()
	-4	__bi_84
	+228	pw::async2::size_report::Measure()
	-2	pw::containers::internal::IntrusiveForwardListItem::DoGetPrevious()
	+16	pw::containers::internal::LegacyIntrusiveList<>::push_back()
	+4	vClearInterruptMaskFromISR
NEW	+228	pw::async2::Task::RunInDispatcher()
NEW	+164	pw::async2::Task::TryDeregister()
NEW	+100	pw::this_thread::sleep_for()
NEW	+84	pw::async2::Dispatcher::Post()
NEW	+82	pw::async2::Task::~Task()
NEW	+76	vTaskDelay
NEW	+72	pw::async2::Task::Wake()
NEW	+72	pw::async2::size_report::PendableValue<>::Get()
NEW	+60	pw::this_thread::get_id()
NEW	+56	pw::async2::Task::PostTo()
NEW	+56	pw::async2::Waker::operator=()
NEW	+56	pw::async2::internal::CloneWaker()
NEW	+56	pw::async2::size_report::MockTask::DoPend()
NEW	+52	pw::async2::Dispatcher::PopTaskToRun()
NEW	+50	pw::async2::Dispatcher::WakeTask()
NEW	+46	pw::async2::size_report::MockTask::~MockTask()
NEW	+42	pw::async2::Dispatcher::~Dispatcher()
NEW	+40	pw::async2::Dispatcher::Deregister()
NEW	+40	pw::async2::Dispatcher::PopTaskToRunLocked()
NEW	+40	pw::async2::Waker::InternalCloneIntoLocked()
NEW	+40	pw::async2::Waker::Wake()
NEW	+36	__atomic_exchange_1
NEW	+32	__atomic_store_1
NEW	+32	pw::async2::Waker::InsertIntoTaskWakerList()
NEW	+32	pw::async2::Waker::RemoveFromTaskWakerList()
NEW	+30	pw::async2::Dispatcher::PopAndRunAllReadyTasks()
NEW	+30	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::~PendFuncTask()
NEW	+28	pw::async2::BasicDispatcher
NEW	+28	pw::async2::Dispatcher::UnpostTaskList()
NEW	+28	pw::async2::RunnableDispatcher::RunToCompletion()
NEW	+26	pw::async2::Dispatcher::RunTask()
NEW	+26	pw::async2::Task::RemoveAllWakersLocked()
NEW	+24	pw::async2::Waker::Waker()
NEW	+24	pw::async2::size_report::MockTask::DoPend()::{lambda()#1}::operator()()
NEW	+24	pw::async2::size_report::PendableValue<>::Get()::{lambda()#1}::operator()()
NEW	+24	pw::containers::internal::IntrusiveListItemBase<>::unlist()
NEW	+22	pw::async2::BasicDispatcher::~BasicDispatcher()
NEW	+22	pw::async2::Task::Deregister()
NEW	+20	pw::IntrusiveForwardList<>::pop_front()
NEW	+20	pw::async2::Dispatcher
NEW	+20	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>
NEW	+20	pw::async2::Task
NEW	+20	pw::async2::size_report::MockTask
NEW	+18	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::DoPend()
NEW	+18	pw::async2::Task::RemoveWakerLocked()
NEW	+18	pw::containers::internal::LegacyIntrusiveList<>::Item::~Item()
NEW	+16	pw::async2::Waker::InsertIntoTaskWakerListLocked()
NEW	+16	pw::async2::Waker::RemoveFromTaskWakerListLocked()
NEW	+16	pw::async2::Waker::~Waker()
NEW	+16	pw::containers::internal::LegacyIntrusiveList<>::~LegacyIntrusiveList()
NEW	+14	pw::async2::Task::Unpost()
NEW	+12	pw::async2::(anonymous namespace)::YieldToAnyThread()
NEW	+12	pw::async2::BasicDispatcher::DoWaitForWake()
NEW	+12	pw::async2::Task::AddWakerLocked()
NEW	+12	pw::async2::internal::StoreWaker()
NEW	+10	pw::async2::BasicDispatcher::DoWake()
NEW	+8	pw::async2::RunnableDispatcher::DoRunUntilStalled()

+3,184

+40

Base incremental cost of adding a task to an existing async system

+48

Futures#

Futures are the core abstraction in pw_async2, providing a standardized way of polling an asynchronous operation to completion.

The design of futures has some implications for code size:

All futures are templated on the type of value they produce, which means that the compiler must generate separate code for each type.
Additionally, futures use CRTP for compile-time polymorphism, so each concrete future type is a distinct class and may duplicate common behavior.

The following sections detail the code size of various future implementations and utilities.

ValueFuture#

ValueFuture is the simplest future type, used to return a single result from an asynchronous operation. Its implementation contains effectively the minimal code required for a future, making it a good baseline for understanding the size cost of a future in pw_async2.

The table below shows the size of ValueFuture. The first row shows the base cost of using a single ValueFuture. The second row adds another ValueFuture with a different return type to demonstrate the incremental cost of template specialization. The third row shows the size of VoidFuture (alias for ValueFuture<void>), which is specialized to avoid storing a value.

Label

Segment

Delta

Size of ValueFuture

+1,064

Cost of additional ValueFuture template specialization

+1,096

Size of VoidFuture (ValueFuture<void>)

+888

OnceSender and OnceReceiver#

The next table shows sizes of the pair of OnceSender and OnceReceiver types, which allow for returning a delayed result from an async function, similar to a Future type in other languages. This type is templated on its stored value, causing specialization overhead for each type sent through the sender/receiver pair. The first row showcases the base cost of using a OnceSender and OnceReceiver; the second row adds another template specialization on top of this to demonstrate the incremental cost.

Label

Segment

Delta

Size of OnceSender / OnceReceiver

+936

Cost of additional OnceSender / OnceReceiver template specialization

+760

async2 utilities#

Pigweed provides several utilities to simplify writing asynchronous code. Among these are combinators which operate over several pendables, such as Join which waits for all pendables to complete, and Select which waits for the first pendable to complete.

The table below demonstrates the code size impact of using these utilities. For both Join and Select, the report shows:

The initial cost of using the utility with multiple pendables of the same type.
The incremental cost of adding a second call with pendables of different types, which demonstrates the overhead of template specialization.

Additionally, the table includes a comparison showing the code size difference between using the Select helper versus manually polling each pendable.

Label

Segment

Delta

Size of calling Select() with several pendables of the same type

FLASH

	+164	[section .rodata]
	-88	pw::async2::size_report::Measure()
	+2	pw::containers::internal::GenericIntrusiveList<>::~GenericIntrusiveList()
	+2	pw::async2::size_report::MockTask::~MockTask()
	+16	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>
	+14	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::DoPend()
	-4	vClearInterruptMaskFromISR
	+4	__bi_84
	-2	operator delete()
NEW	+260	pw::async2::size_report::SingleTypeSelect()
NEW	+192	pw::async2::Selector<>::PendFrom<>()
NEW	+60	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIiEEFNS2_4PollIiEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+24	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()::{lambda()#1}::operator()<>()
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj0EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EiEENSD_ILj2EiEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj1EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EiEENSD_ILj2EiEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj2EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EiEENSD_ILj2EiEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj3EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EiEENSD_ILj2EiEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__220__throw_if_valuelessB8nn220000IJRNS_7variantIJN2pw6async212SelectResultILj0EiEENS4_ILj1EiEENS4_ILj2EiEENS3_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEEEEvDpOT_
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__226__throw_bad_variant_accessB8nn220000Ev
NEW	+10	pw::async2::Selector<>::Pend()
NEW	+10	std::__2::__libcpp_verbose_abort()

+768

Size of an additional a call to Select() with pendables of different types

FLASH

	+182	pw::async2::Selector<>::PendFrom<>()
	+8	pw::async2::size_report::Measure()
	+140	pw::async2::size_report::PendableValue<>::Get()
	+116	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()
	+36	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>
	+32	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::DoPend()
	+30	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::~PendFuncTask()
	+48	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()::{lambda()#1}::operator()<>()
	+48	pw::async2::size_report::PendableValue<>::Get()::{lambda()#1}::operator()()
	-4	__bi_84
	-2	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj3EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EiEENSD_ILj2EiEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_16SingleTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
	+8	vClearInterruptMaskFromISR
	+10	pw::async2::Selector<>::Pend()
NEW	+256	pw::async2::size_report::MultiTypeSelect()
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIcEEFNS2_4PollIcEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIjEEFNS2_4PollIjEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj0EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj1EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj2EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+14	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj3EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_1NS_5tupleIJOZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_2OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_3OZNSK_15MultiTypeSelectEjE3$_4EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSV_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSU_DpT0_
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__220__throw_if_valuelessB8nn220000IJRNS_7variantIJN2pw6async212SelectResultILj0EiEENS4_ILj1EjEENS4_ILj2EcEENS3_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEEEEvDpOT_

+1,024

Cost of using Select() versus manually polling each pendable

FLASH

	+164	[section .rodata]
	-62	pw::async2::size_report::SelectComparison::Pend()
	+16	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>
	-2	pw::async2::PendFuncTask<>::DoPend()
	-4	__bi_84
	-4	vClearInterruptMaskFromISR
	-2	operator delete()
NEW	+180	pw::async2::Selector<>::PendFrom<>()
NEW	+176	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()
NEW	+72	pw::async2::MemberPendableWrapper<>::Pend()::{lambda()#1}::operator()<>()
NEW	+72	pw::async2::size_report::SelectComparison::Pend()::{lambda()#1}::operator()()
NEW	+36	pw::async2::internal::VisitSelectResult<>()::{lambda()#1}::operator()<>()
NEW	+32	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation9__variant13__visit_valueB8nn220000IZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS5_12SelectResultILj0EiEENS9_ILj1EjEENS9_ILj2EcEENS5_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS5_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS5_7ContextEEUlSD_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSH_4PendESJ_EUliE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUljE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSU_E_JSF_EEEDcSU_DpOT0_
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIcEEFNS2_4PollIcEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIiEEFNS2_4PollIiEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+24	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJMN2pw6async211size_report13PendableValueIjEEFNS2_4PollIjEERNS2_7ContextEERPS5_S9_EEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOSF_
NEW	+22	_ZNSt3__25visitB8nn220000IZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS2_12SelectResultILj0EiEENS6_ILj1EjEENS6_ILj2EcEENS2_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS2_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS2_7ContextEEUlSA_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSE_4PendESG_EUliE_OZNSE_4PendESG_EUljE_OZNSE_4PendESG_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSR_E_JSC_EvEEDcSR_DpOT0_
NEW	+18	pw::async2::VisitSelectResult<>()
NEW	+18	pw::async2::internal::VisitSelectResult<>()
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__220__throw_if_valuelessB8nn220000IJRNS_7variantIJN2pw6async212SelectResultILj0EiEENS4_ILj1EjEENS4_ILj2EcEENS3_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEEEEvDpOT_
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__226__throw_bad_variant_accessB8nn220000Ev
NEW	+12	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJZN2pw6async211size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS2_7ContextEEUliE_iEEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOS9_
NEW	+10	_ZNKSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS5_12SelectResultILj0EiEENS9_ILj1EjEENS9_ILj2EcEENS5_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS5_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS5_7ContextEEUlSD_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSH_4PendESJ_EUliE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUljE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSU_E_EclB8nn220000IJRNS0_5__altILj0ESA_EEEEEDcDpOT_
NEW	+10	_ZNKSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS5_12SelectResultILj0EiEENS9_ILj1EjEENS9_ILj2EcEENS5_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS5_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS5_7ContextEEUlSD_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSH_4PendESJ_EUliE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUljE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSU_E_EclB8nn220000IJRNS0_5__altILj1ESB_EEEEEDcDpOT_
NEW	+10	_ZNKSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS5_12SelectResultILj0EiEENS9_ILj1EjEENS9_ILj2EcEENS5_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS5_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS5_7ContextEEUlSD_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSH_4PendESJ_EUliE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUljE_OZNSH_4PendESJ_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSU_E_EclB8nn220000IJRNS0_5__altILj2ESC_EEEEEDcDpOT_
NEW	+10	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJZN2pw6async211size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS2_7ContextEEUlcE_cEEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOS9_
NEW	+10	_ZNSt3__28__invokeB8nn220000IJZN2pw6async211size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS2_7ContextEEUljE_jEEENS_20__invoke_result_implIvJDpT_EE4typeEDpOS9_
NEW	+10	pw::async2::Selector<>::Pend()
NEW	+10	std::__2::__libcpp_verbose_abort()
NEW	+8	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj0EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS9_7ContextEEUlSH_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSL_4PendESN_EUliE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUljE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSY_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSX_DpT0_
NEW	+8	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj1EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS9_7ContextEEUlSH_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSL_4PendESN_EUliE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUljE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSY_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSX_DpT0_
NEW	+8	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj2EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS9_7ContextEEUlSH_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSL_4PendESN_EUliE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUljE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSY_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSX_DpT0_
NEW	+2	_ZNSt3__216__variant_detail12__visitation6__base12__dispatcherIJLj3EEE10__dispatchB8nn220000IONS1_9__variant15__value_visitorIZN2pw6async28internal17VisitSelectResultIRNS_7variantIJNS9_12SelectResultILj0EiEENSD_ILj1EjEENSD_ILj2EcEENS9_21AllPendablesCompletedEEEEZNS9_11size_report16SelectComparison4PendERNS9_7ContextEEUlSH_E_NS_5tupleIJOZNSL_4PendESN_EUliE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUljE_OZNSL_4PendESN_EUlcE_EEEJLj0ELj1ELj2EEEEvOT_OT0_OT1_NS_16integer_sequenceIjJXspT2_EEEEEUlSY_E_EEJRNS0_6__baseILNS0_6_TraitE0EJSE_SF_SG_SH_EEEEEEDcSX_DpT0_

+936

Size of calling Join() with several pendables of the same type

+656

Size of an additional a call to Join() with pendables of different types

+928