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  • Pigweed overview
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  • Overview
  • First-time setup
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Tour expand_more
  • Overview
  • 0. Expectations and prerequisites
  • 1. Setup
  • 2. Explore build targets
  • 3. Build an app
  • 4. Explore C++ code intelligence
  • 5. Run host tests
  • 6. Static and runtime analysis
  • 7. Run the host app
  • 8. Flash your Pico
  • 9. Run on-device tests
  • 10. Communicate with your Pico over RPC
  • 11. Automate common workflows
  • 12. Communicate with your Pico over the Web Serial API
  • 13. Run factory workflows at your desk
  • 14. Use Bazel’s cloud features
  • 15. Run the air quality monitor app
  • 16. Handle crashes and view snapshots
  • 17. Wrapping up
  • Source code
Platform expand_more
  • Overview
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  • Module index
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  • Contributing guide
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  • Home
  • Overview
    • Mission & philosophies
    • Glossary
    • FAQs
    • Support policies
  • Quickstart
    • First-time setup
    • Install Bazel
    • Bazel quickstart
    • Bazel integration
    • CMake integration
    • Static and runtime analysis
    • GitHub Actions
    • Zephyr quickstart
  • Tour
    • 0. Expectations and prerequisites
    • 1. Setup
    • 2. Explore build targets
    • 3. Build an app
    • 4. Explore C++ code intelligence
    • 5. Run host tests
    • 6. Static and runtime analysis
    • 7. Run the host app
    • 8. Flash your Pico
    • 9. Run on-device tests
    • 10. Communicate with your Pico over RPC
    • 11. Automate common workflows
    • 12. Communicate with your Pico over the Web Serial API
    • 13. Run factory workflows at your desk
    • 14. Use Bazel’s cloud features
    • 15. Run the air quality monitor app
    • 16. Handle crashes and view snapshots
    • 17. Wrapping up
    • Source code
  • Platform
    • Comms
      • RPC2
        • C++ client and server
        • C++ examples
        • C++ Unit testing
        • Wire protocol
        • Why RPC2?
        • RPC1 vs. RPC2
        • Extended size report
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Transport
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Bluetooth
        • BLE Host API
          • C/C++ API reference
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • HCI
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Profiles
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Proxy
          • Crash recovery
          • pw_bluetooth_proxy threat model
          • C/C++ API reference
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Sapphire Host stack
          • Fuchsia development
          • Size report
          • C/C++ API reference
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Emboss
      • Channels
        • Design
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • COBS
        • Get started & guides
        • Design
        • Code size analysis
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • gRPC
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • HDLC
        • Get started & guides
        • API reference
        • Design & roadmap
        • Code size analysis
        • RPC over HDLC example
        • Router
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Packet routing
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • RPC1
        • Integration & setup
        • Creating services
        • Introspecting services and methods (QueryService)
        • C++ client & server
        • C++ with Nanopb
        • C++ with pw_protobuf
        • C++ with raw RPC
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Python client
        • TypeScript client
        • Java client
        • Benchmarking
        • Wire protocol
        • Design
        • Serial & HDLC example
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • RPC transport
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Streams
        • Backends
          • UART (Linux)
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • UART (MCUXpresso)
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
        • Python
      • Data transfer
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
    • Observability
      • Logging
        • The pw_log protobuf
        • Tokenized log arguments
        • API reference
        • Backends
          • Android
          • Basic
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Fuchsia
          • Null
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • RPC
          • String
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Tokenized
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Zephyr
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Tokenization
        • Get started
        • Tokenization
        • Token databases
        • Detokenization
        • API reference
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Assertions
        • Backends
          • Basic
            • Source code
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          • Fuchsia
          • Pigweed logging
            • Source code
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          • Tokenized
            • Source code
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            • Source code
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          • Zephyr
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Console
        • User Guide
        • Embedding Guide
        • Plugin Guide
        • Manual Test Procedure
        • Built-in CLI Tools
        • Internal Design
        • pw_console threat model
        • Source code
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      • CPU exceptions
        • Backends
          • Cortex-M
            • Source code
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        • Source code
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      • String formatting
        • Rust API reference
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      • Hex dump
        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Metrics
        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Multisink
        • Source code
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      • Persistent RAM
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Snapshots
        • Setting up a Snapshot Pipeline
        • Module Usage
        • Snapshot Proto Format
        • Design Discussion
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      • Symbolizer
        • Source code
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      • Tracing
        • Backends
          • Tokenized
            • C/C++ API reference
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        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Web
        • Manual Test Procedure
        • Log viewer
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      • Perfetto
    • Async & concurrency
      • Async2
        • Why pw_async2?
        • Quickstart
        • Informed poll
        • Codelab
          • 1. Run a task
          • 2. Call an async function
          • 3. Create and wake a Future
          • 4. Use a state machine
          • 5. Communicate between tasks
        • Guides
        • Dispatcher
        • Code size analysis
        • Coroutines
        • Futures
        • Channels
        • Tasks
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Atomics
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Work queues
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Async1
        • Backends
          • Basic
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Fuchsia
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
    • Encoding & serialization
      • Protocol Buffers
        • Extended size report
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Base64
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Bytes
        • Code size analysis
        • Design & roadmap
        • Quickstart & guides
        • pw_bytes Python package
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Checksums
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • FlatBuffers
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • JSON
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Protobuf compiler
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • UUID
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Varint
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Nanopb
    • OS abstraction layers
      • Synchronization
        • Backends
          • Bare Metal
          • embOS
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          • STL
          • ThreadX
          • Zephyr
        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Threads
        • Backends
          • embOS
          • FreeRTOS
          • STL
          • ThreadX
          • Zephyr
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Chrono
        • Backends
          • embOS
          • FreeRTOS
          • RP2040
          • STL
          • ThreadX
          • Zephyr
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Interrupts
        • Backends
          • Cortex-M
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • FreeRTOS
          • Zephyr
          • Fake (test-only)
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Booting
        • Backends
          • Cortex-M
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • pw_boot threat model
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • System
        • Console CLI reference
        • Python Console APIs
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Backends
        • Zephyr
          • Setup
          • Advantages & differences
          • Backends and linking
          • Allocators
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Assertions
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Chrono
            • Source code
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          • Digital I/O
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Environment setup
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • I2C
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
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          • Interrupts
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Logging
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • SPI
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • System I/O
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Threads
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Amazon FreeRTOS
          • Setup
          • Advantages & differences
          • Chrono
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Interrupts
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Malloc
            • Source code
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          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Threads
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Eclipse ThreadX
          • Setup
          • Advantages & differences
          • Chrono
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Threads
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Segger embOS
          • Setup
          • Advantages & differences
          • Chrono
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Threads
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • STL
          • Chrono
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Threads
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Bare metal
          • Synchronization
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Android
          • NDK toolchains
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Build utilities
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • CHRE
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Logging
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Fuchsia
          • Assertions
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Async
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Logging
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • Random
            • Source code
            • Issues
    • Kernel
      • Pigweed kernel
        • Quickstart
        • Tour
        • Design
        • Guides
        • Upstream
        • Source code
        • Issues
    • Memory & storage
      • Allocators
        • Guides
        • Design & roadmap
        • Backends
          • Zephyr
        • Code size analysis
        • pw_allocator threat model
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Buffers
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Key-value store
        • Guides
        • On-disk format and design
        • Code size analysis
        • pw_kvs threat model
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Alignment
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Blob store
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • File system
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Intrusive pointers
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Malloc
        • Backends
          • Freelist
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • FreeRTOS
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Memory utilities
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • MultiBuf
        • Usage examples
        • Concepts
        • Design
        • Code size analysis
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Ring buffer
        • Source code
        • Issues
    • HALs
      • Analog
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Clock tree
        • Examples
        • Implementations
          • MCUXpresso
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Digital I/O
        • Backends
          • Linux
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • MCUXpresso
          • RP2040
          • Zephyr
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Display
        • API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • HAL
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • I2C
        • Quickstart and guides
        • Implementations
          • Linux
            • C/C++ API reference
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • MCUXpresso
          • Pico SDK
          • Zephyr RTOS
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Sensors
        • Python package
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • SPI
        • Backends
          • Linux
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • MCUXpresso
          • RP2040
          • Zephyr
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • System I/O
        • Backends
          • Ambiq Suite SDK
          • Arduino
          • LM3S6965EVB
          • STM32F429
          • Emcraft SF2
          • MCUXpresso
          • RP2040
          • Standard I/O
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • STM32Cube
          • Zephyr
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Time
        • Rust API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • UART
        • Backends
          • MCUXpresso
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • TinyUSB
    • Hardware support
      • Raspberry Pi RP2XXX
        • Chrono
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Digital I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • I2C
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • SPI
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • System I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Upstream Pigweed
        • pw_rp2350
      • NXP
        • Build utilities
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Clock tree
          • C/C++ API reference
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Digital I/O
          • C/C++ API reference
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • DMA
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • I2C
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • SPI
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • UART stream
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • System I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • UART
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • mimxrt595-evk-freertos
      • Ambiq
        • System I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • Ambiq Apollo4 with pw_system
      • Arduino
        • Build
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • System I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
      • Emcraft
        • System I/O
          • Source code
          • Issues
      • STMicroelectronics STM32FXXX
        • STM32Cube build
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • System I/O (STM32F429)
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • System I/O (STM32Cube)
          • Source code
          • Issues
        • stm32f429i-disc1: STM32Cube
      • Texas Instruments
        • System I/O
          • Source code
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    • Data structures & utilities
      • Status
        • Get started & guides
        • Reference
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Result
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Containers
        • Lists
        • Maps
        • Queues
        • Sets
        • Vectors
        • Utilities
        • Using items with multiple containers
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Functions
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Enums
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Numeric
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Span
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Strings
        • Get Started & Guides
        • Design & Roadmap
        • Code Size Analysis
        • C/C++ API reference
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    • Testing
      • Unit testing
        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Compilation testing
        • Source code
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      • Data acquisition
        • Design
        • daq-cli
        • daq-lib
        • Backends
          • dhalsim
          • mock
        • Source code
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      • Fuzzing
        • Concepts
        • Adding Fuzzers Using FuzzTest
        • Adding Fuzzers Using LibFuzzer
        • Using OSS-Fuzz
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Hardware-in-the-loop
        • Source code
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      • Performance testing
        • C/C++ API reference
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      • Target runner
        • Go
        • Source code
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      • host
      • Abseil C++
      • FuzzTest
      • GoogleTest
    • Build systems
      • Overview
      • Bazel
        • Install Bazel
        • Get Started With Pigweed And Bazel
        • Using Pigweed in an existing Bazel project
          • Add Pigweed as a dependency
          • Use Pigweed modules
        • Manage external dependencies in a Bazel project
        • Set up a MCU platform
        • Pigweed Bazel build compatibility patterns
        • crates.io dependencies
      • GN / Ninja
        • Pigweed’s GN Python Build
        • Targets
        • docs
      • CMake
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      • Build integrations
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          • Python GN Templates
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          • Helper targets, macros, and templates
        • Project Builder
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        • Linker Scripts
        • Workflows Launcher
          • Workflows build drivers
        • pw_build threat model
        • Rust API reference
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
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      • Build info
        • Source code
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      • Code generation
        • API Reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Rust
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Size optimizations
    • Toolchains
      • Pigweed toolchain
        • Get started
        • Why Clang/LLVM for embedded
        • Supported targets and hosts
        • Migrate from a GNU toolchain
        • Versioning, rolls, and stability
        • Status & roadmap
        • LLVM compiler-rt
        • LLVM libc
        • LLVM libcxx
      • Size reports
        • pw_bloat threat model
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • ELF
        • pw_elf Python package
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • libc
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • libc++
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • C++ polyfills
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Preprocessor
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Toolchains
        • Bazel build system integrations
        • GN build system integrations
        • pw_toolchain threat model
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
    • Developer tools
      • IDE
        • Bazel
          • Getting Started
          • Code intelligence
          • Rust code intelligence
          • Extension enforcement
          • Commands Reference
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          • Design
            • C/C++ code intelligence
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        • Source code
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      • Environment setup
        • Bazel CIPD Module Extension
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Module management
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        • Code formatting
        • pigweed.json configuration options
        • Source code
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      • File watcher
        • How-to guide
        • CLI reference
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      • Docker
      • Change management
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • CLI
        • API Reference
        • pw_cli threat model
        • Source code
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      • Config loader
        • API Reference
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      • Docgen
        • Source code
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      • Doctor
        • Source code
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        • Get started & guides
        • CLI reference
        • API reference
        • Configuration
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        • SEED-0108
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Gerrit & CI CLI
        • Life of a PR
        • Project setup
        • Agent setup
        • Agent workflows
        • Subcommands
          • gh pr
          • gh run
          • gh issue
          • gh auth
          • gh hook
          • gh wt
          • gh sense
        • Developing
          • Compat policy
          • Agent evaluation
          • Status & roadmap
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Package manager
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Host Device Simulator
    • Cryptography & security
      • Cryptography
        • pw_crypto threat model
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Fortifier
        • User guide for defect scanners
        • User guide for freshness scanners
        • Other utilities
        • Implementation guide for defect scanners
        • Implementation guide for freshness scanners
        • Design
        • API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Random
        • Backends
          • Fuchsia
        • C/C++ API reference
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • Software update
        • Get started
        • Design
        • Guide
        • CLI reference
        • pw_software_update threat model
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • TLS client
        • Backends
          • BoringSSL
            • Source code
            • Issues
          • MbedTLS
            • Source code
            • Issues
        • Source code
        • Issues
      • BoringSSL
    • Module index
    • Module structure
    • Facades & backends
  • Contributing
    • Build systems reference
    • Code reviews (Gerrit)
    • Code review guidelines
    • Issue tracker
    • Report a vulnerability
    • SEEDs
      • 0001: The SEED Process
      • 0002: SEED Template
      • 0101: pigweed.json
      • 0102: Consistent Module Documentation
      • 0103: pw_protobuf: Past, present, and future
      • 0104: Display Support
      • 0105: Nested Tokens and Tokenized Log Arguments
      • 0106: Project template
      • 0107: Pigweed Communications
      • 0108: Emulators Frontend
      • 0109: Communication Buffers
      • 0110: Memory Allocation Interfaces
      • 0111: Make Bazel Pigweed’s Primary Build System
      • 0112: Async Poll Model
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  • Reference

Backends#

Name

Status

Description

Languages

pw_cpu_exception_cortex_m

stable

pw_cpu_exception_risc_v

stable

previous

pw_cpu_exception

next

pw_cpu_exception_cortex_m

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